What to know about surgical site infections

Every incision breaks the skin, the body’s main barrier against bacteria. Surgical teams lower the risk with skin cleansing, sterile technique and, for many operations, an antibiotic given shortly before the first cut. Even so, some bacteria reach the wound, most often from the patient’s own skin or, in bowel surgery, from the gut. Whether they take hold depends on how many there are and how well the tissue can defend itself. Tissue with poor blood flow, a collection of blood or fluid under the skin, or foreign material such as mesh gives bacteria a place to settle. Careful practice lowers the risk but cannot remove it, which is why the first weeks after any operation call for a close eye on the incision.

How the care plan is built

Early on, the treating clinician and the surgical team agree on where the wound is headed. Some infected incisions are left to close on their own from the base. Others are kept clean until the surgeon can stitch them shut. A few need more surgery before either can happen. The goal shapes the plan: which dressings are used, how often the wound is measured and what the surgeon wants reported. The clinician also sets markers of progress, such as less drainage, a shallower base and healthy red tissue. When a wound misses those markers over several visits, the plan is reviewed with the surgeon instead of simply continued.

Arranging this care in Madison County

People in Madison County may have had surgery at an Illinois hospital or across the river in Missouri, and the wound follow-up has to connect with whichever team did the operation. Coverage adds a step. Illinois Medicaid plans, Missouri plans, Medicare Advantage and commercial insurance each work differently, and participation depends on the treating provider. Before a first visit for an infected incision, Gateway confirms which partner clinician can see you on the Illinois side and what your plan requires, then requests the surgical records from the hospital, whichever state it is in.

Across Madison County you will find older houses on city lots, newer subdivisions, farmhouses and apartments, along with independent and assisted living, memory care, rehabilitation centers and skilled nursing facilities in the larger towns. Gateway arranges wound care and primary care visits with partner clinicians in each of these settings. The steps differ a little from one to the next. At home, we plan around the household and whoever helps with care. In a facility, we plan around the staff, the chart and the resident’s daily routine.

At home between visits

Most of the work with an infected incision happens on the days nobody visits. Someone has to change the dressing as ordered, notice what the old one looks like and keep track of how you feel. Many families keep a simple notebook by the supplies: the date, how much drainage was on the dressing, the temperature if the clinician asked for it, and any questions. That record makes each visit more useful. If changing a deep dressing is more than a spouse or adult child can manage, tell us. Gateway can ask the treating clinician about a home health referral so a nurse shares the load.

In a facility

In a rehabilitation setting, an infected incision has to share the day with therapy. Dressing changes work best when they are timed so a leaking or painful wound does not cut a session short, and therapists need to know about any movement limits the surgeon has set. Some residents are also receiving intravenous antibiotics through a long-term line, which facility nurses manage under the prescriber’s orders. The treating clinician watches how the wound responds and tells the attending physician and surgeon what it shows. Gateway helps keep track of the dates that matter, including antibiotic end dates, surgeon rechecks and the planned discharge.

Signs to tell the clinician about

Between visits, the dressing and the skin around it tell you a lot. Contact the treating clinician or the surgeon’s office if you notice:

  • Redness or darkening of the skin that extends past where it was yesterday
  • Drainage that soaks through sooner than it used to
  • Fluid that turns thick, cloudy or foul smelling
  • Skin edges that pull farther apart
  • A firm, tender or soft, swollen lump beside the incision

Call 911 for heavy bleeding that does not stop with firm pressure, if tissue from inside the body bulges through an open abdominal wound, or if the person becomes confused, faint or very short of breath.

Primary care and overall health

Blood sugar and infection push each other in the wrong direction. Infection and the stress of surgery tend to raise glucose, and high glucose makes it harder for white blood cells to do their work and for new tissue to form. People with diabetes often see their readings change during a surgical site infection, and some people learn they have diabetes only when an incision is slow to recover. A primary care clinician can review the readings and decide whether the diabetes plan needs attention during this period. Gateway can arrange primary care alongside wound visits, so the two clinicians share what they find.

Primary care at home in Madison County →

Arranging wound follow-up after a surgical site infection in Madison County

Clinicians and facility staff referring a patient for wound follow-up after a surgical site infection in Madison County can call 314-325-0126 or fax 314-786-7966. Helpful to include: demographics and insurance, the working diagnosis, recent wound notes and measurements, current orders, the medication list and relevant test results. Please also tell us who should receive the treating clinician’s notes afterward. The online referral form takes contact details only, so clinical records should come by fax, not through the form. Gateway confirms that the referral arrived, checks availability for the patient’s address and lets your office know what has been scheduled.

A Madison County request goes more smoothly when the caller has the town and ZIP code, the type of residence, a phone number that will be answered, and the names of the doctors and any home health agency already involved. Gateway arranges care in Edwardsville, Glen Carbon, Collinsville, Granite City, Alton and Godfrey, among other communities. Because the county is large, availability differs between the river towns, the central communities and the eastern edge. We confirm it by address and care setting.

  • County: Madison County, Illinois
  • ZIP codes: 62025, 62034, 62234, 62040, 62002, 62035
  • Nearby hospitals: Anderson Hospital in Maryville; Alton Memorial Hospital; OSF Saint Anthony's Health Center in Alton; Gateway Regional Medical Center in Granite City; HSHS St. Joseph's Hospital in Highland (not affiliated with Gateway)
  • Nearby communities: Edwardsville, Glen Carbon, Collinsville, Granite City, Alton, Godfrey, Illinois
  • Care settings: Private homes, skilled nursing, assisted living, memory care and rehabilitation

Other conditions and nearby communities

Read the full guide to surgical site infections, or see everything Gateway arranges on the mobile wound care in Madison County page.

Common questions

Will my insurance pay for wound follow-up visits in Madison County after a surgical site infection?

That depends on your plan, the treating provider and the care that is needed. You can ask us about Medicare, Medicare Advantage, Medicaid and commercial plans, and we help confirm participation and benefits with the treating practice before care starts. Have your insurance card nearby when you call. Decisions about what is paid for rest with your plan, not with Gateway.

What is negative pressure wound therapy, and why might it be ordered?

It is a treatment in which a sealed dressing is connected to a small pump that applies gentle suction to an open wound. The suction draws fluid away and can help some wounds fill in. A surgeon or treating clinician may order it for a deep or heavily draining surgical wound once infection is under control. It is not right for every wound, and the ordering clinician decides.

Does Gateway arrange surgical site infection follow-up in nursing and rehabilitation facilities in Madison County?

Gateway arranges wound visits in skilled nursing facilities, rehabilitation centers, assisted living and memory care, as well as private homes. In a facility, the treating clinician works with the nursing staff and the attending physician under the facility’s own procedures. Facility staff or family can contact us to ask whether a partner clinician is available at a particular building in Madison County.

Should I describe the wound on the web form when requesting care in Madison County?

No. The online form asks only for contact details such as a name and phone number, and medical details should be left off it. Gateway follows up by phone, and that conversation is the place to explain the wound, recent hospital stays and current doctors. If you would rather skip the form, call 314-325-0126 directly.

General information to help you talk with your own clinician. It is not medical advice, and the treating clinician makes every clinical decision. For a medical emergency, call 911.